![]() It is the ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave. When there is only one port, the only S-parameter term is S11. ![]() We label each specific S-parameter term based on the port number of the going in port and the coming out port. Regardless, their properties and the information we extract from them, are the same. S-parameters can come from measurements or simulations. ![]() Establishing the incident signal, which is the same as Vref, and the reflected signal from a DUT. Figure 1 illustrates this idea of an incident and reflected sine wave signal from a DUT.įigure 1. The DUT can be anything, even a discrete component like a resistor or capacitor, or an extended structure like a transmission line, traces on a board or an entire channel. For now, we will consider only one port connected to the interconnect, or device under test (DUT). Let’s Start with ReflectionsĮach S-parameter is really the ratio of the sine wave voltage signal coming out of the end of an interconnect, relative to the sine wave voltage signal going in. ![]() But there are some valuable insights a Smith Chart can illuminate. It’s an important tool for RF applications. Every RF engineer learns about the Smith Chart their first day studying S-parameters.
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